About the Book

This highly original visual book is designed as a teaching aid - for students in conventional courses as well as readers wanting to tease out for themselves an understanding of the contemporary world in which we live. Tested prior to publication in a number of teaching settings, the author builds on the fact that there is now a large body of statistical information about today‘s highly unequal world. Presenting it in visual form can greatly stimulate discussion and understanding. Each topic has a two-page spread - innovative diagrams and charts on one side; a short text prompting further thinking and discovery on the other.

Ideal as a supplementary teaching tool in Current Affairs, Development Studies and International Relations classes as well as in less formal training and education settings.

Topics include:

* Human Inequality -- between classes, men and women, ethnic groups.

* Inequalities between North and South -- output, jobs, hours worked.

* Income distribution -- North and South; urban and rural; within countries and between them.

* Demographic differences -- men and women; North and South.

* Agriculture, food and diet.

* Unequal integration into the world economy -- production, trade, raw material prices, the profits of multinational corporations, debt, aid.

* The Environment - the economy‘s uneven ecological footprint.

* Refugees and Migration.

* Armed Forces and Violence.

* The Changing History of Inequality.

Commendations

"A unique and extremely valuable book. With innovative and clear graphic presentations of information, Sutcliffe provides an enlightening view of the inequalities that plague the world economy. Each image is accompanied by a brief explanation and a short, effective commentary. It is the graphs themselves, however, that are the heart of the book. They are marvelous tools for provoking discussion of complex economic issues, and thus they are exceptionally useful in the class room. It is a new proof of an old adage: a picture is worth 1000 words!" - Arthur MacEwan, Professor of Economics, University of Massachusetts

Contents

Introduction: our unequal world
The data, the graphs and the text - Glossary of frequently used technical terms
Acknowledgements

PART 1 PRODUCTION, WORK AND INCOME
1. Fundamental inequalities between North and South 2. Contrasting structures of production and labour 3. Different production structures 4. Changes in the labour force, 1960-1998 5. Activities of the world‘s workers - field, factory and office 6. Differing hours of labour I 7. Differing hours of labour II 8. Two ways of comparing incomes 9. What work will buy, 1998

PART 2 THE INEQUALITY OF INCOME
10. Contrasting degrees of income inequality 11. What the richest 10 percent get 12. Who is hyper-rich? 13. What the poorest 10 percent get 14. Who is poor? 15. Two examples of growing inequality 16. The growth of inequality in the USA, 1960-1997 17. World distribution I: the unequal city 18. Details of the city
19. World distribution II: unequal terrain 20. Unequal rewards for work 21. Income and human development compared

PART 3 INEQUALITIES OF BIRTH, LIVES, HEALTH AND DEATHS
22. The world division of the population 23. Differences in the expectancy of life 24. Demographic transitions, 1967-1993 25. Contrasting structures of population 26. The minority of the population 27. Differences in the proportion of men and women 28. Female compared with male life expectancy 29. Men and women: the effects of age, time and development 30. Men and women: the effects of geography and migration 31. Different rates of dying 32. Dying: the effects of class, sex, age and race 33. The sex ratio in China and South Asia 34. Excess female mortality and some causes 35. What people die of (1998) 36. The extent of inoculation 37. Child mortality 38. The epidemiological transition 39. Different levels of disability 40. The changing nature of death 41. Inequalities in health spending 42. The size of families and households

PART 4 LAND, AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND HUNGER
43. Dividing the earth 44. The distribution of the land 45. Different patterns of agriculture 46. Crop yields and the green revolution 47. Unequal access to food: calorie supply 48. The extent of undernourishment 49. 25 years of success and failure in food production 50. Food crises in Africa 51. The contrast of two diets 52. Differences among the rich 53. Differences among the poor 54. Quantity and variety: the diets of the UK and Bangladesh 55. Animal and vegetable proteins 56. Staple foods

PART 5 FOUR SOURCES OF INEQUALITY
57. Four sources of wage inequality: the case of Brazil
A. Sex
58. sexual bias in access to education, 1997 59. The sexual bias of work and pay, 1995 60. Women and economic activity, 1998 61. Women‘s and men‘s share of earnings, 1993
B. Urban bias
62. Urban bias in basic services 63. Levels of urbanization, 1998
C. Regional differences
64. Regional differences in Brazil and Mexico 65. Regional differences in India and China 66. Regional differences in Nigeria and South Africa 67. Regional differences in the USA and the EU
D. Race
68. Ethnic biases in the USA 69. The world as a macrocosm of apartheid

PART 5 THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY
A. International trade
70. Who exports what? The structure of world trade 71. Who exports where? The direction of world trade 72. The growing industrialization of trade 73. The North as a market for the South 74. The manufactured exports of the South 75. Winners and losers in trade I 76. Winners and losers in trade II 77. The problem of the terms of trade, 1960-1999
B. Foreign investment
78. The growing importance of international investment 79. Where the foreign investment in the South goes 80. The relative importance of foreign capital, 1997
C. International institutions
81. Multinational corporations of the North and the South, 1999 82. Who runs the IMF and the World Bank? 83. Who does the IMF run?
D. The external debt
84. The total size of the foreign debt 85. The present burden of the debt 86. Some causes and effects of the debt crisis 87. Positive and negative transfers: South to North aid 88. Different kinds of debt, 1999 89. Who are the creditors?
E. Development aid
90. Much money, little aid 91. The decline of aid, 1983-1998 92. Aid as a share of national income 93. North to South aid in total 94. North to South aid per head

PART 6 THE ENVIRONMENT
95. How long will non-renewable resources last? 96. Energy use and pollution levels 97. Contrast in transportation 98. Tropical forests 99. A measure of sustainable human development

PART 7. REFUGEES AND MIGRATION
100. The origin and destination of refugees, 1998 101. The main locations of forced migration, 1988 102. Who are the refugees? 103. Migration into Western Europe 104. Trans-Pacific migration 105. Migration in America 106. Immigrants to the USA 107. Migrants remittances: more important than aid

PART 8 REPRESSION AND DISCRIMINATION
108. The most militarized countries 109. The international arms trade, 1998 110. The death penalty in 2000 111. Differences in the rate of imprisonment 112. Prison in the USA, 1998 113. Lesbian and gay rights, 2000

PART 9 INEQUALITY AND HISTORY
114. The evolution of relative incomes 1820-1997 115. The long-term polarization of world income, 1820-1997 116. Changes in inequality, 1950-1995 117. Contrasting movements in the hours of work, 1870-1992 118. The growth of literacy, 1850-1995 119. The expansion of schooling, 1820-1992 120. Rises and falls of life expectancy, 1820-1997 121. The combined evolution of income and human development, 1960-1997 122. The convergence of the human development index over time, 1875-1995 123. Historical changes in the population of men and women, 1800-1995

SOURCES OF DATA

About the Author

Dr Bob Sutcliffe was educated at Oxford and Harvard Universities. He started his academic career in 1964 as a Research Officer in the Institute of Economics and Statistics, Oxford University. For four years he was also a Fellow and Tutor in Economics at Jesus College, Oxford. He then went on to become a consultant to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) (1970-74), thereafter taking up an appointment as Senior Lecturer at Kingston University (then Polytechnic) where he remained until 1985. He has held visiting appointments at various universities, including Massachusetts, Wisconsin and the Universidad Centroamericana. He is currently Coordinator of Research in Hegoa, University Institute for the Study of Development and the International Economy and Professor at the University of the Basque Country, Bilbao.